Compliance and Violation of Politeness Principles in Student–Lecturer Interactions at the University of Mataram: A Pragmatic Study

Muhamad Najamudin; Suhardi Suhardi

doi:10.55927/eajmr.v4i7.298

Authors

Muhamad Najamudin Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta
Suhardi Suhardi Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v4i7.298

Keywords:

Pragmatic, Compliance, Violation, Politeness Principles, Academic Communication

Abstract

This study aims to identify and describe the forms of compliance and violation of politeness principles in student–lecturer interactions at the University of Mataram from a pragmatic perspective. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the researcher collected primary data in the form of students’ utterances. Data were gathered through observation, recording, and note-taking techniques, with the researcher serving as the main instrument. Validity was ensured through theoretical triangulation, and data analysis was conducted using pragmatic and contextual methods. The results showed that out of 52 utterances, 48 complied with politeness principles and only 4 violated them. These findings suggest that students predominantly adhere to politeness norms, both in direct and online communication with lecturers. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of language use in academic settings and offers practical implications for fostering respectful interaction in higher education.

References

Andriyani, A. A. A. D., Raharjo, Y. M., & Putri, I. G. A. V. W. (2023). Pola Strategi Kesantunan dalam Interaksi Perdagangan Di Warung Tradisonal (Politeness Strategy Patterns in Trade Interactions in Traditional Stalls). Kandai, 19(1), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.26499/jk.v19i1.3986

Armia et al. (2023). Variations in the Use of Personal Pronoun Agreement in Acehnese: A Sociolinguistic Approach. Studies in English Language and Education, 10(3), 1514-1528. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v10i3.31046

Aulia, M. (2017). A Study of Ontogenetic Level of Language Development and Gender Differences Affecting Language Use in Acehnese Language. Studies in English Language and Education, 4(1), 120-131. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v4i1.7009

Austin, J.L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge: Harvard University Press

Aziz, Abdul. (2022). Sosiopragmatik Politik: Kajian Sosiopragmatik dalam Debat Pilkada. Aceh: Syiah Kuala University Press.

Blum-Kulka, Shoshana. (1987). The Metapragmatics of Politeness in Israel Society, in Richard Watts, S. Ide, K. Ehlich (Eds.). Politeness in Language: Studies in its History, Theory and Practise. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Brown, Penelope dan Stephen C. Levinson. (1987). Universal in Language Use: Politeness Phenomena. Dalam Esther N. Goody (penyunting) Question and Politenes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Cahyani, D. N., & Rokhman, F. (2017). Kesantunan berbahasa mahasiswa dalam berinteraksi di lingkungan Universitas Tidar: Kajian sosiopragmatik. Seloka: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 6(1), 44-52.

Cahyaningrum, F., Andayani, A., & Setiawan, B. (2018). Realisasi Kesantunan Berbahasa dalam Interaksi Kelas Di Sekolah Menengah Atas Berlatar Bahasa Jawa. Jurnal Gramatika: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, 4(1), 71-84. https://doi.org/10.22202/jg.2018.v4i1.2434

Chaer, Abdul. (2010). Kesantunan Berbahasa. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Culpeper, Jonathan. (2011). Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Daar, G.F. (2023). The Sociopragmatic Study of Speech Acts in Go’et Ira in the We’e Mbaru Cultural Rite. Studies in English Language and Education, 10(2), 1084-1102. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v10i2.26545

Gunawan, F. (2013). Wujud kesantunan berbahasa mahasiswa terhadap dosen di STAIN Kendari: Kajian Sosiopragmatik. Jurnal Arbitrer, 1(1), 8-18. http://arbitrer.fib.unand.ac.id/index.php/arbitrer/

Gunawan, F. (2017). Representasi kesantunan Brown dan Levinson dalam wacana akademik. Kandai, 10(1), 16-27. https://ojs.badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/jurnal/index.php/

Gunawan, Fahmi. (2013). Politeness Strategy on Request Speech Act in Bugis Kendari Language. Proceedings The 1st International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-I), Postgraduate Programe on Linguistics Andalas University and Linguistics Society of Indonesia Universitas Andalas.

Gusnawaty, G., & Nurwati, A. (2019). A learning model of Bahasa Indonesia as a foreign language based on local intercultural politeness. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 38(1), 141-155.

https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/cp/article/view/23164/pdf

Halliday, M.A.K. (1987). Language Stucture and Language Fungtion dalam John Lyons et.al. New Horizonin Linguistics. London: Penguin.

Halliday, M.A.K. dan Hasan, Ruqaiya. (1985). Bahasa, Konteks, dan Teks: Aspek-aspek Bahasa dalam Pandangan Semiotik Sosial. Terjemahan oleh Asruddin Barori Tou. 1994. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Haristiani, N., Christinawati, D. (2024). Interlanguage Pragmatic Competence of University Students: An Error Analysis of Apology Speech Act Strategies in Japanese Learners. International Journal of Language Education, Volume 8, Number 1, 2024, pp. 1-19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v8i1.60904

Haugh, Michael., Kadar, Daniel Z., & Terkourafi, Marina. (2021). The Cambridge Handbook of Sociopragmatics. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.

Hymes, Dell. (1974). Sociolinguistics: Foundation An in Etnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvan Press, Inc.

Kartika, D. (2017). Strategi dan Penggunaan Modifikasi dalam Kesantunan Tindak Tutur Memohon oleh Mahasiswa Jepang Pada Program Bahasa Indonesia Penutur Asing (BIPA). Indonesian Language Education and Literature, 2(2), 136-147. https://www.jurnal.syekhnurjati.ac.id/index.php/jeill/article/view/1418

Krisadewa, M. F., & Rahardi, K. (2021). Bahasa Jenaka Di Kalangan Mahasiswa: Kajian Sosiopragmatik. TANDA: Jurnal Kajian Budaya, Bahasa dan Sastra (e-ISSN: 2797-0477), 1(04), 20-41.

Kusmanto, H., & Widodo, P. (2022). Positive politeness strategies during online learning: A cyberpragmatic study. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(3), 1170-1182. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i3.24021

Leech, Geoffrey. (2014). The Pragmatics of Politeness. New York: Oxford University Press.

Levinson, Stephen C. (1983). Pragmatic. London: Cambridge University Press.

Mahsun. (2017). Metode Penelitian Bahasa: Tahapan Strategi, Metode, dan tekniknya. Jakarta: PT Rajagrafindo Persada.

Mardikantoro, H. B. (2012). Pilihan bahasa masyarakat Samin dalam ranah keluarga. Humaniora, 24(3), 345-357.

Markhamah, dkk (2011). Analisis Kesalahan dan Kesantunan Berbahasa. Surakarta: Muhammadiyah University Press.

Maros, M., John, A., & Mydin, M. B. (2010). Pola Sapaan Pelajar Lelaki Dan Perempuan Di Sebuah Institusi Pengajian Tinggi: Satu Kajian Sosiopragmatik. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies, 10(2).

Milles, Matthew B., A. Michael Huberman, dan Johnny Saldana. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Method Sourcebook Third Edition. California: Sage Publication, Inc.

Mislikhah, S. (2020). Kesantunan berbahasa. Ar-Raniry: International Journal of Islamic Studies, 1(2), 285-296.

Moleong, L. J. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remana Rosdakarya.

Murti, S., Muslihah, N. N., & Sari, I. P. (2018). Tindak Tutur Ekspresif dalam Film Kehormatan di Balik Kerudung Sutradara Tya Subiakto Satrio. Silampari Bisa: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia, Daerah, Dan Asing, 1(1), 17-32.

https://doi.org/10.31540/silamparibisa.v1i1.7

Nababan, PWJ. (1986). Sosiolinguistik: Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: PT Gramedia.

Nisja, I. (2009). Kesantunan berbahasa dalam berdiskusi mahasiswa jurusan bahasa indonesia semester III Tahun 2007-2008 Ummy Solok. Dalam Jurnal Ilmiah Tambua, 8(3), 478-487.

Nur Ihsan HL, Samsuddin S., Hendri Y., Yuliati Y. (2023). Exploring Directive Speech Acts in Elementary School Communication in Kolaka: Language Pedagogy Implications. International Journal of Language Education, 7(2), 241-254. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v7i2.44948

Nursanti, E. et al. (2023). (Im)politeness Employed by Multilingual Indonesian EFL Learners in Argumentative Conversations. Studies in English Language and Education, 10(2), 1000-1021. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v10i2.26033

Oktavia, D. et al. (2023). The Manifestation of Interlanguage Pragmatics in Direct and Indirect Request Strategies Used by International Students. Studies in English Language and Education, 10(3), 1379-1401. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v10i3.27548

Pradana, R. R. (2019). Kesantunan Bahasa Jawa Ceramah Emha Ainun Nadjib Grebeg Sura Ke 4000 Di Colomadu Tahun 2018. Sosiohumaniora, 21(3), 316-322. http://jurnal.unpad.ac.id/sosiohumaniora/article/view/19345

Pranowo. (2009). Berbahasa secara Santun. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Prasetyo, A. H. (2018). Tindak Tutur Ekspresif dalam Film “Kartini” Karya Hanung Bramantyo: Kajian Sosiopragmatik. BAPALA, 5(2), 1-10.

Rahardi, Kunjana. (2005). Pragmatik: Kesantunan Imperatif Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Rahardi, Kunjana. (2009). Sosiopragmatik. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Rahardi, Kunjana. (2010). Pragmatik: Kesantunan Impertaif Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Rahmat, W., Lateh, N.H.M., & Kurniawan, Y. (2023). How Do the Women Control Their Language Facing Certain Condition? a Perspective of Psychopragmatics. International Journal of Language Education, Volume 6, Number 1, 2022, pp. 36-45. Doi: https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v6i1.30752

Ramli et al. (2023). Principles of Politeness Used and Violated by Acehnese-Speaking Khatibs in Their Friday Prayer Sermons. Studies in English Language and Education, 10(1), 501-516. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v10i1.26418

Riyanto, S. et al. (2023). The Application of Moderate Politeness into School Practices of An Urban Muhammadiyah Primary Students in The Era of Global Communication. International Journal of Language Education, Volume 7, Number 4, 2023, pp. 729-747. Doi: https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v7i4.58985

Rokhman, F. (2003). Pemilihan bahasa dalam masyarakat dwibahasa:: Kajian sosiolinguistik di Banyumas (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Gadjah Mada).

Saleh, M., & Baharman, B. (2012). Kesantunan Tindak Tutur Dalam Interaksi Akademik. Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya "Retorika", 8(2), 123-133. http://eprints.unm.ac.id/id/eprint/19110

Saputro, M. Y., Tarmini, W., & Hikmat, A. (2020). Model Kesantunan Berbahasa Siswa Tionghoa di Sekolah PAH TSUNG Jakarta: Kajian Etnografi Komunikasi. Widyaparwa, 48(2), 148-160. https://www.academia.edu/download/66268367/

Sari, Inda Permata dan Tadkiroatun Musfiroh. (2023). Pelanggaran Prinsip Kesantunan Berbahasa pada Podcast di Kanal Youtube Deddy Corbuzier. (Masters Tesis, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta).

Searle, J. R. (1969). Speech Acts an Essay in the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Searle, J. R. (1979). Expression and meaning: Studies in the theory of speech acts. Cambridge University Press.

Searle, John. R. (1983). Speech Act: An essay in the Philosophy Cambridge: of Language. Cambridge University Press.

Sudaryanto. (1993). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: Duta Wacana University Press.

Sudaryanto. (2015). Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa. Yogyakarta: University Press.

Suhendi, E. T. (2017). Berbahasa, berpikir, dan peran pendidikan bahasa. Proceedings Education and Language International Conference, 1(1), 298–305. http://jurnal.unissula.ac.id/index.php/ELIC/article/view/1243

Syafi’ie, Imam. (1989). Pragmatik dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Kumpulan Karangan Ilmiah IKA IKIP Malang. Malang: IKA IKIP Malang.

Uddin, Akhyar. (2012). Strategi Kesantunan Berbahasa Indonesia Warga Kampus Universitas Jambi dalam Meminimalkan Paksaan kepada Petutur. http://journal.unbari.ac.id/index.php/JI P/article/view/69.

Walidin, W., Saifullah, & Tabrani. (2015). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif & grounded theory. FTK Ar-Raniry Press.

Wijana, Dewa Putu. (1996). Dasar-Dasar Pragmatik. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset.

Wijaya, Awin. (2015). Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Strategies. http://awinlanguage.blogspot.co.id/2013/05/brown-and-levinsons-politeness.html

Yaqin, L.N. et al. (2022). Sociopragmatic Parameters of Politeness Strategies among the Sasak in the Post Elopement Rituals. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(2), 797-811. https://doi.org/10.24815/siele.v9i2.22569

Yule, George. (2006). Pragmatik. Terjemahan oleh Indah Fajar Wahyuni. Yogyakarta. Pustaka Pelajar.

Yuliyawati, S. N. (2020). Kesantunan Berbahasa Mahasiswa Pada Pesan WhatsApp Kepada Dosen. Indonesian Language Education and Literature, 5(2), 198-208. https://jurnal.syekhnurjati.ac.id/index.php/jeill/article/view/5297

Zamzani, dkk. (2010). Pengembangan Alat Ukur Kesantunan Bahasa Indonesia dalam Interaksi Sosial Bersemuka dan Non Bersemuka. Laporan Penelitian Bersaing (Tahun Hibah Kedua). Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.

Zamzani, Z. (2011). Pengembangan alat ukur kesantunan bahasa Indonesia dalam interaksi sosial bersemuka. LITERA, 10(1).