Monitoring and Control System for Organic Vegetable Crops using Aeroponic Methods Based on the Internet of Things

Abstract

Organic farming offers environmental and health benefits but faces challenges in controlling nutrients, pH, temperature, and humidity. This study develops an IoT-based aeroponic monitoring and control system for organic vegetable cultivation. Environmental parameters—pH, nutrients, temperature, and humidity—are measured in real time using sensors connected to an ESP32 NodeMCU. Data is transmitted to Firebase and displayed on an Android application. The system features automatic water spraying based on temperature and humidity, as well as manual pump control via the app. Results show high measurement accuracy (error: pH 0.15%, TDS 3.68%, temperature 1.83%, humidity 0.31%, water temperature 0.5%). The Android app allows easy monitoring and control, supporting sustainable and efficient organic farming.